Trinidad And Tobagos Banking Industry Analysis Commerce Essay Example For Students

Trinidad And Tobagos Banking Industry Analysis Commerce Essay The banking industry in Trinidad and Tobago has slightly changed in the past few old ages. This resulted in the entry of some Bankss and the re-entry of others. This paper strategically analyses the current strategic place of one of the major Bankss, First Citizens ( FC ) . First Citizens Bank is a member of the First Citizens Group, which consists of: First Citizens Bank Limited We will write a custom essay on Trinidad And Tobagos Banking Industry Analysis Commerce specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now First Citizens Asset Management Limited First Citizens Trustee Services Limited First Citizens ( St. Lucia ) Limited First Citizens Securities Trading Limited Caribbean Money Market Brokers ( CMMB ) For the intents of this paper, First Citizens Bank s current schemes that are being utilised to accomplish its end are critically analysed along with its internal and external environment, which set up the forces that drives alteration and the cardinal success factors that sustains competitory advantage. All these factors give rise to the SWOT analysis of the bank, which matches the bank resources and capablenesss to the competitory environment in which it operates. Outline1 1.2 Background2 2.0 DEFINING THE Industry3 3.0 ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORK4 3.1 Vision, Mission and Objectives of First Citizens5 3.2 Scheme6 4.0 THE DYNAMICS OF THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT7 4.1 PEST Analysis8 4.2 Industry Analysis for First Citizens9 4.3 The Industry Life Cycle10 4.4 Key Success Factors11 5.0 THE DYNAMICS OF THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT12 5.1 Resource Analysis13 5.2 Value Added14 Figure demoing the connectivity between First Citizens Value Chain and that of its Customers15 5.3 McKinsey s 7S16 5.3.1 Structure17 5.3.2 Systems18 5.3.3 Style19 Staff20 Skills21 Scheme22 Shared Value23 6.0 S.W.O.T ANALYSIS 1.2 Background FC Bank is the first autochthonal bank of Trinidad and Tobago and was formed in 1993 out of the merger of three failed fiscal establishments viz. : The Workers Bank of Trinidad and Tobago 1989 Ltd, Trinidad Co-operative Bank Ltd and The National Commercial Bank Ltd. It is the 3rd largest bank in Trinidad and Tobago and the fastest growth. Over the old ages, FC Bank has become one of the part s prima and most dynamic fiscal merchandise and service suppliers. This place is farther strengthened by the acquisition of CMMB one twelvemonth ago. The leading s hardiness at the bank has championed the industry in engineering, advanced merchandise offerings and profitableness, which earned them legion awards, with the most recent being World Finance magazine Best Bank, Trinidad and Tobago 2009 . 2.0 DEFINING THE Industry The banking industry is portion of the Financial Services Sector, which is extremely regulated by the Financial Act of Trinidad and Tobago. The Financial Services industry comprises of recognition brotherhoods, investing Bankss, insurance companies, common financess etc. All the aforesaid offers similar services as retail banking as per a regular bank, but the Commercial Banking Sector consists of all fiscal establishments permitted the Financial Services Act and approved by the Central Bank. There are a figure of commercial Bankss approved by the Central Bank and registered under the act, these include: First Citizens Bank Limited Republic Bank limited ( RBL ) Royal Bank of Trinidad and Tobago ( RBTT ) Scotiabank Limited Citibank ( Trinidad and Tobago ) Limited First Caribbean International Bank Intercommercial Bank Bank of Baroda For the intent of this paper, this would be defined as the industry and would be the footing on which analysis is made. 3.0 ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORK 3.1 Vision, Mission and Objectives of First Citizens First Citizens vision is To go the most competitory group in Trinidad and Tobago with a well established international presence. While the mission is to construct a extremely profitable fiscal services franchise renowned for innovativeness, service excellence and sound corporate administration. To accomplish the purpose FC focuses on uninterrupted betterment of systems and merchandises, constructing a strong base of cognition and skilled workers and making strategic partnerships in cardinal sectors that add value to the franchise. The mission is underpinned by the nucleus values, which assist the employees in the accomplishment of the mission. The nucleus values are: Committedness to excellence Committedness to clients Committedness to unity Committedness to fiscal strength Committedness to employees Committedness to uninterrupted betterment The chief aim of the bank is to better profitableness with a major focal point on its return on equity. The chief aim is supported by secondary aims, which are: Leveraging Technology to make assurance in the bank s systems and process Reducing operating expenses costs while at the same time increasing grosss Aggressively increasing assets, loans and fund base Widening the scope of merchandises and services chiefly in the country of cyberspace and Mobile ( electronic ) banking Bettering First Citizens hazard direction Bettering the Group s image and service quality Intensifying the human resource competency These aims are quantified utilizing the balance scorecard, which sets specific marks needed to be achieved in order to accomplish the administration s aims. In order to accomplish the aims, each subdivision director, section and unit is required to bring forth a balanced mark card, which finally sums to the overall directional scorecard. 3.2 Scheme In order for the vision, mission and aims of FC to go operational schemes must be implemented. Figure shows the alliance of First Citizens schemes with its vision. The usage of the group s balance has made scheme devising and organizational coordination reflect the top-down mode in which scheme is developed and communicated. The Bankss bing schemes is summarised utilizing Ansoff s Directional Matrix ( see figure ) . From the Directional Matrix, FC Bank s variegation scheme exemplifies the Bank s push into a wider and more competitory industry. This is indicates that boundaries that separate traditional banking from other type of fiscal services are being eliminated, this is besides an index of the industry in its adulthood phase ( indicated in a ulterior chapter ) . Although the scheme is that of variegation it involves a wide market range. The scheme involves leveraging engineering to supply first-class client service particularly since FC is ever foremost to market. It is the technological promotion, that is the bank s nucleus competence and some characteristics ( nomadic point of sale ) gives it its typical capableness. 4.0 THE DYNAMICS OF THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT All organisations are inextricably associated with its external environment, irrespective of the state to which it belongs. This association influences how the organisation operates and the merchandises or services provided. The external forces may ease or suppress organisational public presentation and may organize bounds with which the organisation is able to work. These forces shape how the organisation defines itself and how it articulates its ends, aims and schemes. An analysis of the external environment aids in understanding the forces or factors that shape the organisation. 4.1 PEST Analysis Plague analyses the external macro-environment in which an organisation operates, based on political, economical, societal and technological factors. These factors are beyond the control of the organisation but must be considered in explicating the schemes of the organisation. Plague Analysis for First Citizens The Political clime of Trinidad and Tobago has remained rather stable over the past 20 old ages. This has led to execution of statute laws that improved efficiency and decreased costs ( banking fees ) in the Banking sector, but have besides reduced borders and fee income. The latest statute law implemented is the Anti-money Laundering statute law, in which most of the states in this part is following. This jurisprudence has sought to increase the transparence of Bankss and efforts to take down the recognition hazards of the state in which the measure is implemented. The banking industry over the old ages has dynamically evolved ; this development has led to the gap of the banking industry ( regionally ) or relaxation of entry demand for big foreign Bankss, for illustration, the entry of the Bank of Baroda. This has led to farther variegation of the banking sector that necessarily breeds competition. However, although competition creates invention, this threatens the profitableness of the current Bankss in the market as larger more capitalized Bankss can undersell the local Bankss and diminish their market size. These foreign Bankss operate as loss leaders to steal market portion and farther decline chance in an already concentrated market. As a consequence, in recent old ages at that place have been re-entry of Bankss into the sector e.g. First Caribbean International Bank ( FCIB ) . Furthermore, FC is owned the authorities which suggest that there is slow determination devising in the organisation nevertheless, the authorities can be the chief borrower on the market. The universe s economic system, over the past two old ages, has experienced a downswing, which saw many states GDP diminution that resulted in declaration of recession and the plumb bob of oil monetary values, which adversely affected the banking industry of most states. However, all indexs point towards betterment in the economic system though it may be slow. The effects of the economic system has led to Bankss cut downing involvement rates and fees in order to cut down the sum of loan defaults and increase economic activity in an effort to hike the economic system. The betterment of the economic system will see trade good monetary values bettering which will increase grosss and economic activity, which will leave a greater possible for loaning and adoption by Bankss. However, there is a hazard of returning to inflationary force per unit areas with attach toing increasing involvement rates. The mal-effects of the downswing has led to increased unemployment which increased loan defau lts, nevertheless there have been some refinancing of loans in an effort to cut down defaults. Harmonizing to the Central Bank Governor, in the concern subdivision of the Guardian Newspaper, if the economic growing is slower than in the past, banking establishment will be forced to consolidate to accomplish economic systems of graduated table. This reduces competition in an industry, in which competition breeds invention and .u897cd8b6d84be72184ea16d4359164e7 , .u897cd8b6d84be72184ea16d4359164e7 .postImageUrl , .u897cd8b6d84be72184ea16d4359164e7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u897cd8b6d84be72184ea16d4359164e7 , .u897cd8b6d84be72184ea16d4359164e7:hover , .u897cd8b6d84be72184ea16d4359164e7:visited , .u897cd8b6d84be72184ea16d4359164e7:active { border:0!important; } .u897cd8b6d84be72184ea16d4359164e7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u897cd8b6d84be72184ea16d4359164e7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u897cd8b6d84be72184ea16d4359164e7:active , .u897cd8b6d84be72184ea16d4359164e7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u897cd8b6d84be72184ea16d4359164e7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u897cd8b6d84be72184ea16d4359164e7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u897cd8b6d84be72184ea16d4359164e7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u897cd8b6d84be72184ea16d4359164e7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u897cd8b6d84be72184ea16d4359164e7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u897cd8b6d84be72184ea16d4359164e7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u897cd8b6d84be72184ea16d4359164e7 .u897cd8b6d84be72184ea16d4359164e7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u897cd8b6d84be72184ea16d4359164e7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Homeless Assistance EssaySocially, offense is considered a two edged blade since it creates an chance for Bankss to finance security companies ; nevertheless, it has led to the issue of many concern proprietors and therefore capital. A high offense rate can harm the state s foreign direct investing ( FDI ) chances and by extension touristry. As the state is developing, one would happen that people are being more educated and clients are demanding better quality and measure service ; people are intolerant of hapless client service and deficiency of promotion in the banking industry. It is foreseen that, if the issue of offense is non addressed that there would be farther fl ight of capital, lessening in FDIs and touristry. In add-on, if Bankss do non come on with engineering, there would a flight of clients to the replacements in the market. The banking industry has to the full embraced engineering, which has revolutionised the sector. The technological promotion by Bankss has empowered clients so that they control their fiscal information with greater entree. This has besides led to the creative activity of high issue barriers. However, non all clients may encompass these technological advancements and prefer the traditional banking services. If this patterned advance continues at the current gait, the industry will be extremely serviced and merchandise innovated. However, client must do greater usage of these technological promotion as with nomadic telephone if the industry is to be farther product/service diversified. 4.2 Industry Analysis for First Citizens The industry analysis AIDSs in the finding of factors that determines the banking industry profitableness. Porter s Five Forces Analysis is an appraisal that is used to understand the current competitory place and the future attraction of the industry, this is seen in figure. The menace of replacement is legion and includes companies that offer fiscal services such as insurance companies, Unit Trust Corporation, Island Finance, investing Bankss, recognition brotherhoods etc. Some non-financial establishments such as furniture shops and auto franchises are besides menaces since they offer recognition. These replacements offer similar service and merchandises without the regulative demands of Bankss, which makes their procedure faster than Bankss. These replacements have encroached on the banking industry profitableness, nevertheless, with the recent downswing of the economic system, clients have returned to Bankss since it is perceived to be more stable. In add-on, to invalidate the menace of replacements and prolong the industry s profitableness Bankss have besides formed confederations with other fiscal establishments. The bargaining power of clients is average but increasing as a consequence of a broad assortment of replacements, similarity of merchandises and lower client trueness ( due to logistics ) . However, it is counteracted by high shift costs caused by the clip and incommodiousness of reassigning histories to other fiscal establishments and a big figure of clients. It is perceived, nevertheless, that the advanced engineering and the increasing figure of replacements, have reduced shift costs, this is true to some extent, illustration retail sedimentations but in footings of loans, corporate sedimentations etc. the exchanging cost is high. The bargaining power of providers is besides medium and increasing. Although there are a big figure of providers for general resources, there are a little figure of providers for the critical resources of Bankss, for illustration, ABMs, system applications, money counter etc. which makes exchanging backbreaking and time-consuming. From the PEST analysis, it seen that the banking industry s market is more opened and there is a relaxation of demands. This consequences in the menace of new entrants being medium to high and is expected to escalate if there is farther dismantlement of barriers/requirement. Consequently, it is easier for a big foreign establishment to come in into the market, illustration, the acquisition of RBTT by RBC and the entry of Bank of Baroda, these establishment will with hold the necessary capital investings and trade name acknowledgment to make so. However, for a local establishment it is harder because of the high trade name edifice outgo and highly high capital investing. This menace is slightly counteracted by high issue barriers and high shift costs. The banking industry soon has a saturated market and one would happen that is hard to derive market portion to go profitable therefore, entrants are focused on a niche market section. Furthermore, these entrants are big plenty to run as loss leaders. The above four factors that form scheme, prostration into competition amongst bing rivals ( as seen in figure ) . The fact that the banking industry exhibits oligopolistic cooperation in order to maximise net income, lower cost and maintain position quo, is another index of adulthood. Examples of this type of cooperation are: Establishing a codification of behavior in which all Bankss must adhere when covering with clients Technological sharing of webs e.g. linx to ease ATM minutess. Offer of similar involvement rates and merchandises In add-on, Bankss have to organize strategic confederations in order to antagonize replacements to better the value system e.g. insurance companies and common financess. An analysis of the bing competitory competition is restricted to four Bankss. These rivals are identified utilizing Porter s strategic group analysis ( see figure ) . From figure, rivals in First Citizens market range operate in the same section and offer similar type merchandises. These Bankss collaborate to protect the profitableness of the industry, particularly in the country of involvement rates, client service quality and non-competitive procedures. The anticipation of the rival environment can be analysed utilizing Grant s Framework for rival analysis, this can be seen in figure. 4.3 The Industry Life Cycle From figure, it is seen that the banking industry is in its adulthood phase. This can be sustained over an extended period, in which market portion can merely be increased by pulling the rivals clients. In add-on, a scheme in the mature banking industry, is the inclination of Bankss to consolidate e.g. with insurance companies, security companies ; get or unify e.g. the acquisition of RBTT by RBC and CMMB by FC. However, Bankss fight to keep its market portion by making high issue barriers for its clients. Recently, clients are highly sensitive to involvement rates, hence in an attempt to retain its clients, one would happen that Bankss in the same market section ( figure ) would hold similar involvement rates. For illustration, if Central Bank decrease the modesty demand all Bankss will diminish its rate to fit each other. In a phase of adulthood, there are countries in which it is more economical to join forces than to vie, this brings approximately greater efficiency at a lower cost e.g. Linx, Transunion and Trinidad and Tobago Interbanking payment system ( TTIPS ) . 4.4 Key Success Factors In order to be successful in the banking industry there are some cardinal factors. These include: Fiscal stableness Customer assurance Customer trust Effective Regulatory Systems Relevant Products and Services Low-cost pricing Competition which breeds greater invention and by extension efficiency 5.0 THE DYNAMICS OF THE INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT 5.1 Resource Analysis Fiscal Capital Human Capital FC Bank has about 1300 staff members and a well-experienced and knowing senior staff. However, sequence and service quality is a concern because of the high turnover of junior staff. In recent times, staff members are no longer interested in a occupation for life, therefore the bank is revising its procedures to integrate transeunt staffing agreement. In add-on, the bank has developed a direction trainee, corporate resourcing and mentoring programmes for school and university alumnuss. Leadership competences, 360 degree feedback and calling development programmes are besides implemented for junior staff and direction. Customer Capital The bank has a big client base in surplus of 400,000 histories. Retail banking clients constitute the bulk of the client base. The effect of this is that it involves higher operating and fixed costs, in add-on, to accomplish economic systems of scale both market portion and size has to sufficient. Notwithstanding the sedimentation garnered from these clients, it represents low cost financess to the bank that are so used for loaning. Although client trueness by and large has improved, they are nevertheless flyaway and could alter base on simple involvement rate difference since they are sensitive to this ( as discussed in Porter s five forces ) . Recently, the bank has embarked on work to better its image and repute. Social Capital FC has intensified its relationship with society in attachment to the proverb of Corporate Social duty in a really important manner. This is besides in attachment to the codification of moralss established by the Bankers Association, in which First Citizens bank patrons events: Environmental: Citizens in Action to reconstruct the Environment ( CARE ) , which assists in the Restoration of the environment. In this respect, internal staff competition are held to widen community interaction and to increase societal and environmental consciousness ( this improves the visual aspect of the bank ) . Young person and Education: Bursaries to Tertiary Institution. The bank engages in developing school libraries and is a major patron in junior accomplishment. Sports: First Citizens Sport Foundation, which raise consciousness through clinics and athletics instruction seminars. It is the exclusive patron of the National Sports Foundation, which deals with athleticss instruction, seminars and acknowledgment of winners in the Hall of Fame and Annual Sports Woman/Man of the Year which honors all the winners in all athleticss. .u86ed0206fdfc8a3c2c4e0a86d41e5660 , .u86ed0206fdfc8a3c2c4e0a86d41e5660 .postImageUrl , .u86ed0206fdfc8a3c2c4e0a86d41e5660 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u86ed0206fdfc8a3c2c4e0a86d41e5660 , .u86ed0206fdfc8a3c2c4e0a86d41e5660:hover , .u86ed0206fdfc8a3c2c4e0a86d41e5660:visited , .u86ed0206fdfc8a3c2c4e0a86d41e5660:active { border:0!important; } .u86ed0206fdfc8a3c2c4e0a86d41e5660 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u86ed0206fdfc8a3c2c4e0a86d41e5660 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u86ed0206fdfc8a3c2c4e0a86d41e5660:active , .u86ed0206fdfc8a3c2c4e0a86d41e5660:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u86ed0206fdfc8a3c2c4e0a86d41e5660 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u86ed0206fdfc8a3c2c4e0a86d41e5660 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u86ed0206fdfc8a3c2c4e0a86d41e5660 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u86ed0206fdfc8a3c2c4e0a86d41e5660 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u86ed0206fdfc8a3c2c4e0a86d41e5660:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u86ed0206fdfc8a3c2c4e0a86d41e5660 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u86ed0206fdfc8a3c2c4e0a86d41e5660 .u86ed0206fdfc8a3c2c4e0a86d41e5660-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u86ed0206fdfc8a3c2c4e0a86d41e5660:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Native Son Analysis EssayCulture: The Bankss patrons programmes in all cultural/religious events such as, Divali Nagar, Eid-ul-Fitr, Tobago Heritage etc. Physical Capital The bank has 25 subdivisions strategically located across the state, with three in Tobago. In add-on, an surplus of 80 ATM supports these subdivisions, with a huge figure of these in off branch locations. Technology Capital FC bank has the taking border in on-line existent clip banking web and is the leader in Internet Banking engineering and communicating web. Its Ethernet and communicating web, which incorporates both voice and informations, besides contributes to the bank being considered as a Technology leader. In fact FC has won the South Trinidad Chamber of Commerce Technology Leadership on three occasions in the last five old ages, an award that has been designed for engineering companies. The bank s huge web of ATM and POS machinery provide important range to its merchandiser and clients likewise and is to the full networked on a local and internal graduated table. The bank has been able to leverage its engineering leading to heighten value for merchandiser and clients. This can be gleamed from the merchandiser e-banking which allows corporate and commercial clients to transact concern from their offices ( paying measures, wages, ACH etc. ) . The value of engineering capital is besides seen with the execution of nomadic POS, which is important for distributers and the service sector. 5.2 Value Added FC Bank s value concatenation is depicted in figure utilizing Porter s Value Chain analysis. The bank has concentrated chiefly on selling, gross revenues and services. The usage of engineering has been incorporated to accomplish a degree of service and convenience to supply value to the client. The cost to supply such value to the client is of import nevertheless, the hazard to functioning clients is merely every bit of import. The critical factors in this value system are the linkages between accomplishments of staff, hazard direction, information systems, flexible and antiphonal policies/procedures to add such value. Information engineering is FC bank s nucleus competence particularly since they are the leader in this country. FC uses the technological promotion to increase its value concatenation and to accomplish a higher degree of client service than its rivals. Owing to the extremely leveraged engineering at FC, the degree of efficiency, high evaluations by clients have been improved, although, the market portion has remained stable since the industry is in the mature phase ( industry life rhythm ) . The usage of engineering is besides the bank s typical capableness, since the bank uses its engineering e.g. nomadic POS and corporate cyberspace banking, to increase the value concatenation of its clients. Figure below depicted how elements of FC bank s outbound and selling logistics becomes incorporated into the clients e.g. eating houses and distributers inbound logistic of their value concatenation. Internet banking, nomadic POS etc. Telebanking Etc. First Citizens Bank Value Chain Distributors Value Chain Restaurants Value concatenation Figure demoing the connectivity between First Citizens Value Chain and that of its Customers 5.3 McKinsey s 7S 5.3.1 Structure FC bank presently has a bureaucratic ( top-down ) that does non aid in speedy decision-making, which is important. Structure is the key to effectual executing of scheme. Is the construction does non back up scheme in footings of VMOST so the scheme execution will be hard. Despite its best attempts to alter, the bank construction is still excessively bureaucratic. The bank has to decentralize both vertically along different degrees of the organizational hierarchy and horizontally amongst directors and non-managers based on expertness and experience. In making so, authorization and duty will stay with those in the place, who possesses the necessary accomplishments to implement determinations, ideally front line staff. Presently, the credit-decision devising procedure is based on limited degree authorization by staff and the bureaucratic stairway can impede the effectivity in the lending/investment procedure. Simiarly, as a consequence of Government ordinance ( Central Bank ordinances ) and the general hazard inauspicious civilization of the bank, several to-down controls exist impeding the smooth processing of intricate dealing. If centre deputing decision-making authorization is given to frontline staff e.g. senior direction increasing mandate bounds on loans granted by line directors, the procedures in the bank will more efficient and less cl ip consuming. 5.3.2 Systems FC bank is a performance-driven acquisition administration, hence all of its systems should be taken into consideration if farther development is to happen. The three indispensable countries are: Human resource systems Wagess are based on SMART rule and pre-determined administration and single marks. However, the assessments are based on single and team public presentation and are done on a quarterly footing to place countries foe preparation and development. In add-on, the public presentation is besides measured by balance scorecard with spreads identified to re-prioritise attempts. Human resource records nevertheless, are non automated via a modern HRIS system and hence speedy and effectual decision-making is negatively affected. To further rush the decision-making the top-down system needs to be changed to a bottom-up system that integrates the person and squad public presentation, preparation and development. Organizational public presentation systems The bank has two theoretical accounts to measure its public presentation: The strategic planning theoretical account This evolves from the vision and mission of the bank and long-run schemes are developed for three old ages on a rolled footing. On an one-year footing schemes are reviewed analysed and adjusted as necessary. Three exercisings inform the concern planning procedure for the resulting twelvemonth and supply cardinal inputs into budgetary allotment which support the executing of the said schemes. Information systems The bank s information system is extremely synergistic, accurate, accessible and easy interrogable. In malice of the high usage of engineering client service staff has non encompass the usage of engineering to present value added. There is high usage of the bank s office direction system for communicating e.g. electronic mail and calendaring. However, directors and staff have non grasped the chance to utilize these systems for work flow efficiency e.g. loan inception systems and electronic loan application and recognition mandate. 5.3.3 Style Manner is influences in portion by construction. The top-down construction of administration has bred an elitist atmosphere with different beds of direction holding changing grades of power and influence. Directors do non look to exhibit a supportive function and communicating is largely top down to their support staff. In add-on, feedback to employees on public presentation of administration is done via newssheets, squad briefing and staff meetings. By and large, the direction manner is non of a participative nature and this can hold negative effects on employees engagement and satisfaction. There is an over copiousness of processs within the system which leads to an excessive sum of clip and attempt spent on administrative procedures therefore cut downing the rhythm clip for client service. Staff Staff development utilises: Employee aid programme ( EAP ) 360 grade for developmental intents In add-on, the tools used in developing staff are: Sequence planning Individual development planning Leadership competences model there are seven countries the bank utilise and develop staff ; they are client focal point, teamwork, invention, enterprise ( acquiring consequences ) , unity, entrepreneurship and gross revenues and selling. These are to develop staff in order to develop leading accomplishments but FC has to make the construction, systems etc. to actuate and promote employees to develop along these lines. Skills Multiple skilled employees are indispensable in a acquisition and public presentation driven administration. The bank is going preponderantly a gross revenues driven administration, with hazard direction and decision-making being critical to its success in the country. Training in developmental programmes in selling, gross revenues, dialogue and difference declaration are provided by the bank to farther develop accomplishments in these countries. However, the construction of the bank is a barrier to the proper airing of accomplishments because of compartmentalization of information. The bank nevertheless, has been a leader in the development of single staff and disbursal important amounts on both internal and external preparation. The instruction aid program provides bank sponsored third instruction up to and including the Masterss level for measure uping staff, this installation has benefitted legion staff members. Scheme Using Johnson and Scholes Development Strategies model the way used by FC bank should be maintained. The bank has focus on placing market sections and adopted a market incursion and developmental and variegation schemes. These schemes should be suited, acceptable and executable to all stakeholders, employees and clients and should be based the bank s outstanding client service, invention and its nucleus competence of engineering. However, the bank s scheme of taking client satisfaction through invention has seen it derive value from its leading place from electronic banking including cyberspace, POS and nomadic banking. Shared Value The meeting of three failed fiscal establishment formed FC Bank, and its phoenix-like Resurrection to a marked place within the banking industry fraternity in the part and awards won, is a beginning of pride for the administration. 6.0 S.W.O.T ANALYSIS Figure shows the SWOT analysis for FC Bank, based on this and for sustainability of competitory advantage, the undermentioned factors are important: Investings for farther development of engineering since it is ever-evolving particularly at the strategic and tactical degree to keep FC as the leader Quick response clip to clients petition to synchronize with industry norms Strong image/brand and public presentation goaded civilization High grade of flexibleness and reactivity Improve decision-making capablenesss of front line staff and sequence planning

Free Essays on Colonial Development In Virginia And New England

After the discovery of a â€Å"New World†, people flocked to America for a new life. There were different reasons for everyone: power, religion, money, independence, change. Regardless of their intention, each person who emigrated during this time shared a common vision. America was a land of opportunity. Even the knowledge of Native American presence didn’t stop the Europeans from viewing this land as a blank canvas where their future could be whatever they made of it. The colonists of Virginia and New England may have come from a common area but their motives would prove to be very different, the Virginians driven by profit and the Puritans by religion. When Jamestown was founded in 1607 by the Virginia Company, the Indian people were there to greet them. Powhatan, the leader of the native peoples’ confederacy, had already seen disease and conflict brought to the area with Spanish colonization and so was skeptical of the newcomers. Even still, he had high hopes for trade with the English and a chance for an alliance. Unfortunately, the colonist had something else in mind. They took advantage of the Native Americans’ generosity by plundering Indian villages and waging war against them. In 1613, they captured Pocahontas who, despite the promise of return, would never see her native land again. She would end up marrying John Rolfe and dying before she could reach her father again. Devastated, Powhatan stepped down as his people’s leader and passed away shortly after. This would be a major victory against the Indian people for the English and allow for easier expansion of the colony. The New England settlers had similar relations with the Native Americans. Arriving by way of the Mayflower in 1620, the Separatists, now known as the Pilgrims, were quickly weakened by sickness. Like the Virginians, these colonists would not have survived without the Wampanoags and Algonquian Indians’ assistance. They exchanged ï ¿ ½... Free Essays on Colonial Development In Virginia And New England Free Essays on Colonial Development In Virginia And New England After the discovery of a â€Å"New World†, people flocked to America for a new life. There were different reasons for everyone: power, religion, money, independence, change. Regardless of their intention, each person who emigrated during this time shared a common vision. America was a land of opportunity. Even the knowledge of Native American presence didn’t stop the Europeans from viewing this land as a blank canvas where their future could be whatever they made of it. The colonists of Virginia and New England may have come from a common area but their motives would prove to be very different, the Virginians driven by profit and the Puritans by religion. When Jamestown was founded in 1607 by the Virginia Company, the Indian people were there to greet them. Powhatan, the leader of the native peoples’ confederacy, had already seen disease and conflict brought to the area with Spanish colonization and so was skeptical of the newcomers. Even still, he had high hopes for trade with the English and a chance for an alliance. Unfortunately, the colonist had something else in mind. They took advantage of the Native Americans’ generosity by plundering Indian villages and waging war against them. In 1613, they captured Pocahontas who, despite the promise of return, would never see her native land again. She would end up marrying John Rolfe and dying before she could reach her father again. Devastated, Powhatan stepped down as his people’s leader and passed away shortly after. This would be a major victory against the Indian people for the English and allow for easier expansion of the colony. The New England settlers had similar relations with the Native Americans. Arriving by way of the Mayflower in 1620, the Separatists, now known as the Pilgrims, were quickly weakened by sickness. Like the Virginians, these colonists would not have survived without the Wampanoags and Algonquian Indians’ assistance. They exchanged ï ¿ ½...

NONE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

NONE - Essay Example The immigration has not only caused diversification in the societal structure but has increased the interactions between people belonging to various races and ethnic groups. The diversity within the American society has always been the subject of many debates and from an historical perspective, the concept of immigration has now become a part of the American society and it is nothing less than a culture melting pot. The economic stability in the United States had also attracted a number immigrants coming in from all over the world. One of the hypotheses held by anthropologists was that the Native Americans had descended from the wanderers of North East Asia who were then followed by the arrival of European settlers and then subsequent colonization at the hands of the British took place. United States gained their freedom from colonial rule and became an independent nation that worked on the principle of democracy that became major fad of the 19th century and further attracted people from various parts of Europe, Asia and south west regions of the globe. Ever since then, there has been a rise in the number of immigrants coming to America from all the over the world, particularly from Europe and slaves from Africa. Slavery became a trend that started around the year 1619, when a Dutch ship brought 20 to the shores of the Virginia territory and reached its height till its abolishment in the year 1865 by Abraham Lincoln after the American civil war. The American civil war was one period in the history of the United States, which was marked by a decline in immigration but as soon as it ended the pace was picked back up again. Considering the aforementioned facts about the history of US immigration, the concept of race had become synonymous with everyone but ethnic and cultural identities was something that the American society was still in the process of discovering. A second wave of European immigration took place from the central region; a number of Jews migrated

Listening assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Listening assignment - Essay Example The piano provides a quirky and unique harmony which helps to push the limits of the jazz composition beyond what had been there before bebop. The focus of the drummer is on using the cymbal as the main element for time-keeping in his drum set. This has served to allow a more flexible and freer sound which in turn gives the soloist room in which he experiments and with the rhythm. The end result is a very unique collaboration between the drummer and the soloist. In my opinion, the solo is very successful as it is done in a very ingenious way leading the whole band in the creation of the rhythmic melody that is so mellow and captivating. The description of the melody as being cool is very accurate and on point. The solo progresses through the whole performance through an intricate build up that starts off a bit slow and mellow and has several crescendos in the course of the performance until it reaches the climax where it becomes the most dominant melody in the whole rhythm guiding the listeners all along the performance in an entrancing and captivating dominating performance which still allows for the other melody components to shine through. The bebop rhythm runs through the performance and it is the clearest example of how the bebop era began in jazz music. The composition is soul full and very inspirational as well and the instrumentation is perfect and deserves to be taken as the trend setting performance it

Theories of Adolescent Risk Taking

Theories of Adolescent Risk Taking Adolescence is seen as a period when an individual is unable to competently assess risk. There is a general belief that adolescents believe that they are invulnerable to risk thereby unable to perceive certain behaviors. Because of this, adolescents are adjudged to be less aware of risk. This provides the reason the reason why there are legal limitations on adolescents’ right (Bellotti, 1979, Gardner, Scherer Tester, 1989). On the other hand, some view adolescents as having the capability to making informed and competent decisions as adults (Melton, 1984). This means that some see adolescents as seeing themselves as invulnerable. This idea is supported by Elkind’s theory (1967, 1978). In this theory, Elkind argues that people become cognitively egocentric when they first enter into formal operations. Because of this, adolescents believe that they are unique and special making them immune to certain things. They see themselves as invulnerable to harm. This geocentricism and invulnerability are expected to reduce as the individual moves from middle to late adolescents. But some believe that this theory on geocentricism is not associated with adolescence transition into formal operations, and that it is not limited to adolescence alone (Frankenbreger, 2000, Gray Hudson, 1984). In addition, research has not found any positive correlation between geocentricism and perception of invulnerability (Dolcini et al., 1989). Social researches on adolescence have not been helpful in resolving the debate between adolescents’ perception of invulnerability to risk and adolescents’ competence. There are numerous inconsistent studies on this issue. There are factors that may be responsible for these inconsistencies. According to Millstein and Halpern-Felsher (2002), these inconsistencies maybe due to the methods used to measure risk perception. Some researchers used probabilistic assessment, that is, the chance that an outcome will occur (Quadrel et al., 1993, Gochman Saucier, 1982) while other researchers like Finn and Brown (1981, Cohn, Macfarlane et al. (1995) examined adolescents’ perception about harm, that is â€Å"the amount of harm that could be caused(p. 401). This has the ability to cause disparity between the studies and also questions the validity of these findings. Another cause of this disparity is failure of researchers to consider behavioral experiences across ages and control for it. While some of the earlier studies that focused on adolescents’ age group and those that compared adolescents and adults found a significant difference in awareness of and consideration of risks (Ambuel Rappaport, 1992, Chassin et al., 2001), some others found few differences. One of the studies that did not support the idea of adolescents’ invulnerability is the one conducted by Millster and Halpern-Felsher (2002). In their studies, they took into account the above identified problems in studying adolescents and young adults risk perception. While other researchers used participants’ parents to measure comparison between adolescents and adults risk perception, these researchers use unrelated childless adult to eliminate this problem. Their reason for using unmarried young childless adults was because those with children may have a greater awareness of risk because of their positions as parents compared to childless and non parent/unmarried young adults.This is because using adolescent participants’ parents may create problem of non independence between the groups. They used 433 adolescents and 144 young adults between the ages of 20 30 as comparison group from racially diverse population and from geographically and demographically similar area. They tried to find out age differences in risk judgement and if adolescents risk judgment differ from those of adults, and if vulnerability perceptions to harm are more prevailed in adolescents than adults. In the result, they found a significant difference between young adults’ and adolescents’ risk judgment. Also, there was a significant age group differences between older adolescents and younger adolescents. Older adolescents assessed probability of negative outcome to be lower than younger adolescents. The study challenges the general belief that due to adolescents’ developmental status, they view themselves as invulnerable as well as underestimate risk. Adolescents don’t see themselves as invulnerable, though they may fail to perceive specific risk related to a specific behavior, and at the same time, may over estimate the benefit of such behavior. Even after controlling for behavioral experiences, younger adolescents perception of risk was greater than older adolescents, and adolescents perceived greater risk that young adults. Because younger adolescents have been taught that engaging in risky behavior results in significant risk, they are likely to be lieve it (Millstein Helperin-Felsher, 2001). But with increased exposure to peer risk behavior coupled with maturation, adolescents are able to observe that not all risky behaviors have a negative outcome. The researchers observed that the participants over estimated risk. Young people already have a sense of heightened vulnerability and that continuous emphasis on the negative outcome of risk might be counterproductive, in that it might conflict with adolescents’ own experiences as they might realize that not all risky behaviors result in negative outcome. The result of this study is in contrast with the popular belief that adolescents perceive risk less than adults do and that adolescents also see themselves as invulnerable. Another research that is consistent with the above finding is the work done by Baumgartner and Peter (2010). They investigated adolescents’ and adults’ perception of internet risk, especially online sexual risk. Previous studies on online risks founf that adolescents are vulnerable (Mitchell, Finkellor Wolak, 2001, 2007b, Yabarra, Mitchell, Finkellor, Wolak, 2007). These findings are based on the assumption that adolescents are massive internet users. There are scientific/research evidence to prove that adolescents are more vulnerable online that adults and that adolescents reported a very negative feeling such as being afraid from online sexual solicitation (Mitchell et al., 2001). Some reasons for this unwanted online sexual solicitation include the fact that due to adolescents’ massive developmental changes at his stage, the need to relate to others increases thereby making them vulnerable to unwanted sexual solicitation (Singelman Rider, 2003). On the other hand, adults may not be keen on interacting with strangers, thereby decreasing the risk of unwanted sexual solicitation. Another reason for this vulnerability is that adolescents spend more time online and this may increase their chances of receiving unwanted online sexual solicitation (Jones Fox, 2009). The empirical evidence to support that adolescent take greater risk than adolescents have been inconsistent. The difference between adults and adolescents risk perception may be because adolescents today are more familiar with internet amd newer social networks compared to adults. In their study of 1765 Dutch adolescents and 1026 Dutch adults, done through online survey, Baumgartner and Peter (2010) investigated age and gender differences in unwanted online sexual solicitation. The result showed that female adolescents and young female adults are at the greatest risk of this online harassment. This may be because of the specific online activities that they are involved in, or may be because they are just the targets of these perpetrators. A reason for this may be because these groups of people use the internet as a means of communication rather than for entertainment, and the the use of internet for chatting increases the chance of unwanted sexual solicitation. Because one of the cha llenges during adolescence is identity formation, these adolescents may use the internet to relate to others by self disclosure or to share intimate details (Mazur Kozarian, 2010, Calvert, 2002). They also found that young girls find this undesirable and may be more emotionally and cognitively vulnerable to such messages compared to older female adult. This means that adolescent girls feel vulnerable with such behaviors, this is in contrast to the general belief that adolescents perceive some behaviors as risky. An emerging adult may cope better in such situation, but an inexperienced adolescent may be more vulnerable and may need protection than adults. There was also evidence of increased online risk for older adolescents male and adults compared to younger adolescents. This may be because as one gets older, one partakes in more risky behavior compared to when one was younger. This is evidence against the notion of adolescents’ invulnerability. Another reason for this increased online sexual risk found among older adolescents and adults may be because sexual interest does not decline with age or after adolescence, and sexuality being an important part of adults, engaging in online sexual risk may help satisfy these sexual needs. Though these evidence that adolescents do not engage in more risk than adults does not mean or suggest that adolescents’ behaviors should be neglected. Risk behaviors are interpreted differently by adolescents and adults (Parsons et al., 1997). It is seen as a normal thing when adults give out private information about themselves online based on the assumption that adults can handle any negative consequence from such behavior unlike adolescents, such behaviors may be frowned at because any negative outcome may be detrimental and may affect their normal development. In addition, although risk may have potential negative outcome, it also serves an important cause in adolescent development (Jessor, 1992, Igra Irwin, 1996) as it helps adolescents develop autonomy and maturity. It also helps in coping with anxiety and frustration. Online sexual risk may also help adolescents in developing their sexual identity. Hence, online sexual risk behavior should not be viewed as detrimental to adolescents, but it could also serve to facilitate healthy development. This study shows that adolescents, especially younger adolescents are risk aware, and that the fear of adults about adolescents’ online sexual risk behaviors is unfounded. A study by Haase and Silbereisen (2011) linked the effect of negative affect on adolescents’ risk perception. This study is in contrast to the above studies that adolescents have a higher risk perception than adults. And that this depends on the affect. That perception depends on our mood or emotion either positive or negative. Other studies have linked positive affect to lower risk perception (Johnson Tversky, 1983). This means that adolescents who are emotionally open are influenced by this. The Haase and Silbereisen (2011) study examined the effect of positive affect on adolescents’ and adults’ risk perception. The study involved the use of audio-visual method to induce emotion. Research has shown that negative emotion leads to a higher risk taking, because the individual tries to overcome the bad mod through engaging in activities that are rewarding in short run and can potentially have harmful effect on the long run (Tice, Bratslavsky Baumeister, 2001). Bu t from the result of the study, they found that when an individual is in a good mood, he is less likely to perceive some risky behaviors like smoking and alcohol drinking as risky. The study also examined the effect of mood across age groups. It was found that positive affect lowers risk perception across age groups, whereas negative affect led to lower risk perception among mid adolescents but did not for early adolescents and young adults. This may be because developmentally, mid adolescents have a high stress vulnerability (Spear, 2000), and a higher risk taking (Steinberg, 2008). Therefore, it has been shown that affective influences play a big role in adolescents risk taking. When adolescents are in good mood and excited, they tend to indulge in risky behaviors or they may judge some behaviors as risk free. Because previous studies have used questionnaire to assess adolescents’ risk taking, using experiment showed that adolescents partake in risk behavior and that this risk taking is influenced by affect either positive or negative. This means that adolescents and adults may be more risk averse when they are faced with situations that do not give rise to great emotions, and this may not be captured in questionnaire study. This result in conflicting findings on adolescents risk taking, but using experimental design may show the real situation when the adolescents are faced with strong emotions. Feelings may alter risk perception.

A Personal Integrated Theory of Counseling Essay

Abstract This personal model of counseling addresses the importance of developing a biblical theory of Christian Counseling, which also integrates psychology, theology and spirituality, without diminishing the relevance of each. The working model for counselors should provide practical techniques for the inclusion of believers and non-Christians, as they work towards a personal relationship with God. This paper will discuss the personality traits, external influences that build a personal integrative theory of scientific disciplines and theological truths. The works of relevant theorists and authors will be reviewed as comparable viewpoints on Christian Counseling and how integration can benefit individuals, couples and families. The paper will begin to create a personal guideline for the author’s counseling practices with clients from all backgrounds. It will conclude with personal thoughts to identify areas for growth and improvement. A Personal Integrated Approach to Counseling Introduction A comprehensive personal theory of counseling should integrate Psychology, Theology and Spirituality. One of the most important goals of counseling is develop a theoretic approach through the integration of Psychology, Theology and Spirituality. Individually, each discipline offer concepts that are unique and relevant, yet separately they lack the inferences of other viewpoints that may be overlooked. There is a basic understanding for counselors to focus the treatment on the client, as well as temporal systems that exist which have influence on the client. Therefore, the intent of integrating these theories will provide the counselor with a more comprehensive wisdom and faith to combine the key elements of each to implement into their counseling practices. A concern for counselors is the prioritization of theology over psychology. This can be difficult as well as thought provoking for and individual to undertake because of the historical debate between faith and science. An individual deeply rooted in their biblical worldview will argue that with faith, they require no further belief, while others with a secular based worldview requires the proof of statistics and data for their belief. (Entwistle, 2010, p. 9) Secular viewpoints are bound by the limitations of earthly living and its standards. The Christian viewpoint is directly related to the fact that their eternal destiny is ordained because they are a child of God. The counselor who will be successful at integration will find it necessary to increase their competence in all areas. (McMinn, 2011) states that the best at interdisciplinary integration are those that have an informal and formal preparation of both psychology and theology. While there can be preference in either theory, counselors are cautioned not to minimize the doctrines of Theology or misrepresent the clinical applications of Psychology. Personality Development of Personality Human personality is a set of characteristics and traits, as well as emotions and behaviors that make each person unique. An individual’s personality usually remains consistent throughout life. However, personality can be altered by an individual’s environment, temporal systems as well as traumatic events. For counselors it can be challenging when attempting to understand Human Personality without exploring the clients past. This can uncover many of the misbeliefs, hurt feelings originating in childhood that manifest into maladaptive behaviors in adulthood. (Backus & Chapian, 2000) The Christian worldview allows the understanding of all human functioning parts: The physical and the personal. The physical represents the body and the personal acknowledges the spirit or soul. A counselor’s focus is centered with both the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind where misbeliefs and attitudes are held. They must first look at the totality of a client through the u se of concentric circles. This theory allows the counselor the viewpoint of the various circles that create human personality. The innermost circle represents the self. It represents the core where the image of God, the Holy Spirit, and issues of sin reside. Also within the core is the heart where scripture shows the heart as vital function of providing life giving blood. The heart is that part of a human that chooses the basic direction they will follow in life. (Crabb, 1977) The outer layers consist of the soul of a human infused with the Holy Spirit. When we are born, we inhabit a soul that allows us to think, feel and choose. Your spirit is in union with God if he is the choice for the center of your life. Scripture notes that those who alternatively do not accept God into their life will become vulnerable to the influence of Sin and Satanic forces. Consequently, it is the choices that guide the soul and the resulting emotions, thoughts and behaviors that impact human interactions and relationships. As you move to the outer circles there is theory that is presented that exhibits the correlation of the body and the effects on human personality. The physical circle illustrates the connection with the body and physical health as humans relate to life challenges. Our bodies alert us to potential dangers in the form of pain and discomfort. When the body is in distress, messages sent to the brain are distorted. The outcomes of physical pain, will affect a person’s mood, energy and cognitive abilities. The physical circle illustrates the connection with the body and physical health as humans relate to life challenges. (Hart, 1999) Finally, there are two components of circles in this theory. The first is the temporal system. These are the external forces or the earth systems such as family, friends, religious affiliations, economic conditions and society that create positive and negative personality traits in humans. The author Crabb suggests that humans have two basic needs; sig nificance and security in order to function effectively. (Crabb, 1977) When we feel secure and significant we are then deemed to be worthwhile. However, the interactions of Hawkins temporal systems will jeopardize these assurance and the results are maladaptive behaviors that lead clients to therapy. The final outer circle is supernatural systems. (Hawkins, 2009) In this system, God, Angel, Satan and Demonic forces are introduced. Spiritual forces inhabit all humans, yet there is a battle between the dark forces of Satan, and the truth in God’s word. . Author Neil Anderson describes the forces at work on the formation of human personality. (Anderson, 2000) These evil forces disguise themselves and aggressively seek to intervene with deception of the Holy Spirit. Without a personal relationship with God, Satan has opportunity to manipulate thoughts and create misbeliefs which are the direct cause of emotional turmoil, and maladaptive behaviors. (Backus & Chapian, 2000) The supernatural outer circle aids in the quest for a realization that spiritua l disciplines can help begin the process for an internal change. Motivation One of the major premises of counseling is to develop an understanding why people do what they do. An individual’s actions are directly connected to their personality profile. Behind every action there is energy or a force that results in a specific behavior. Every human has motivations that are based often on self-centered needs. The basic needs are physical which encompasses the elements critical to life, the need for emotional relationships as well as the need for significance and security. Counselors are aware that Human Need will continue and this need moves people into false outside systems in order to reach the type of gratification they desire, rather than seek a relationship with God. That relationship indicates the temperament of the unbeliever as opposed to a believer. The unbeliever thinks of himself first, and evaluates life in terms of the world system and the behavior is motivated and designed to meet his or her own needs. While the believer will still experience misbeliefs in his conscious mind, however this individual makes a deliberate choice to evaluate his or her world based on a biblical framework. The biggest difference is the believer’s purpose is to live for Christ and exhibit behaviors that are Christ like and subsequently will receive them in return. (Crabb, 1977, p. 107) Human Development All Humans have a desire for autonomy in the world from a very early age. This search for self-governing freedom to establish their place in the world but is conflicted by the distortion of good and evil. The boundaries or acceptable behaviors guide the decision making process. These boundaries are for self-preservation. (Cloud & Townsend, 1999) Positive choices, allow the capacity to be loving and kind to others, use physical energy creatively, and live a purpose driven life. The alternative choice directs individuals on a path of sin and brokenness that prevents both growth and maturity. (McMinn, 2011) Without self-control individuals a counselor has the ability to guide this development process by helping them realize their position in the kingdom of God. Scripture emphasizes the purpose for an intimate relationship with God in that acknowledges a rebirth as a child of God, and confirms that life is no longer in the flesh but now life is in Christ. The intent of a counselor is to progress the client toward the development of an optimal balance of mental and spiritual health. Individual Differences Every human has a viewpoint of the world that is used as base of understanding of the world and their place in it. It is model of assumptions and evaluations that impacts personality traits and behaviors and forms a standard of living. (Clinton & Ohlschlager, 2002, p. 59) Most people’s worldview are inherited rather than chosen and are shaped by cultural, religious and social influences. The presumptions can transcend into discriminatory beliefs to those who have opposing viewpoints. Counselors who are willing to address cultural difference in their client are mostly those that do not see them as impediments, but as an opportunity for growth. Individuals with an understanding & acceptance of themselves will achieve a greater sense of emotional and spiritual health. Health and Illness Health is more than a state of physical, mental, and social well-being. There are other components such psychological, and spiritual. The goal is achieve perfect health on all levels, however this can be challenging for clients to achieve and difficult for counselors to measure. A lifestyle that consists of a balanced diet, physical activities should result in good health; however, these alone are not sufficient. (McMinn, 2011) offers a triad approach that includes an accurate sense of self, healing relationships and an accurate sense of need. Those that are committed toward moving toward total health learn self-love and worth, to recognize needs as well as the importance of therapeutic relationships. There are biological, physical and social systems that all contribute to the symptoms of an illness. The pain and discomfort are presented in the physical body, while anxiety, sinful behavior and other temporal systems affect health. Conflicting messages delivered to the brain trigger and imbalance of worry and stress that are manifested in personality disorders. When people try to function in areas that affect untended and unhealed hurts, they will hurt others. (Wilson, 2001) Psychological and Spiritual Illness Sin is a pervasive element of human condition. In biblical terms, it dates back to Adam and Eve as committing the â€Å"original† sin. It is often misused by those who commit that they are ill; therefore they engage in sinful behavior. Through the use of attributional style, decipher if mental illness or the absence of spirituality are the sources of maladaptive behaviors. (McMinn, 2011) Consequently there must be a conscious choice to identify what sin represents in preventing an intimate relationship with God. Spiritual illness is living outside the will of God who desires peace and tranquility for those who accept him in their life. James 4:17 (King James) Integration and Multitasking McMinn (1996) stresses the need for counselors to evaluate a client’s problems from several viewpoints simultaneously. Through a multidimensional lens, there is the ability to explore theological, psychological perspectives. Developing the ability to multi-task, integrates the science of psychology, the truth in Theology and Spirituality, with the focus on theological truth as a foundation, without diminishing the significance of other perspectives. Effective multitasking acknowledges the forces that influence personality. Nine elements including the body, the human spirit, volition, sin and temporal systems illustrate how humans can obtain a healthy balance when there is a spiritual foundation. Interdisciplinary Integration requires competence that goes beyond the understanding of theology and psychology. Spirituality is not viewed as a study of credentials. It is the personal relationship with God that confronts weaknesses and dependence on God. The author also expresses tha t counselors must engage in the practice of personal devotion and exploring their own spiritual beliefs, through additional training and study Elements of Theory This theory of counseling incorporates integrative applications of disciplines and concepts with emphasis on the core of the human as the source where the spirit resides, cognitive behaviors are developed, and personality structures emerge. As a counselor develops a plan of treatment for a client, attention must be given to both parts of a human. The material or physical self and the immaterial or spirit self. Each part of the self represents areas for the counselor to learn and explore influences on the client’s emotions and dysfunctional behavior. My theory mirrors (Crabb, 1977) presents a unique theory of counseling which he refers to the concepts of Tossed Salad and Nothing Buttery approach to counseling. There is a balanced integration however the focus is on teaching the truth in God’s word from biblical perspective as the most important. I believe effective counseling combines the strengths of various disciplines, without diminishing or promoting one over the other. A comprehensive theory removing deeply rooted misbeliefs and replace with biblical truths. My theory leads clients into an intimate relationship with God and provides a guide to initiate the process of change. (Hawkins, 2009) Process and Techniques Four elements are introduced in the counseling relationships that work together in a successful counseling experience: the spirit, the counselor, the counselee and the bible. The counselor establishes trust, engages the client by attentive listening as they explore the client’s problems, and create a working process that toward goals for both counselor and client. The counselor teaches principles of integration identify patterns of healing, guides the client toward change. The client acknowledges their spiritual relationship with God, takes ownership for emotions and behaviors, and commits to change from within. True transformation begins with a renewal of the mind. (Adams, 1986) Expectations and Effectiveness of Theory The effectiveness of the theory is evaluated through the client progression towards a balanced h awareness of self, God, healthy relationships. (Crabb, 1977) theory suggests that success is measured in Spiritual and Psychological Maturity. The presentation of symptom relief, decreased maladaptive behaviors promote well-being. As counselors enter into experiences with our clients, we trust that God will bless their honesty and courage, as they display progression toward overall improvements in life functioning (Petrocelli, 2002) Worldview and Influence on Theory The basis for my theory is based on a worldview of personal experiences and reflection. It demonstrates a biblical foundation that incorporates the integration of psychology, spirituality and theology. The emphasis of theory reviews the systems surrounding the core self that affect personality, including temporal and supernatural systems. This theory allows a better understanding of the motivation behind a client’s choices. Approach to Integration My approach dispels the myth that Christianity is just a religious belief and psychology is just science of profession, it illustrates that combined integration counselor can understand that you can be a religious person, and still find solutions and order in the science of psychology that examines human behavior. Christianity does not inhibit scientific progress; in fact it is viewed as a major force to the further the exploration of the science. The Spoiled Egyptian Approach has a secular approach to psychology, the weeds out elements that oppose the truth in the scripture. (Crabb, 1977) Conclusion This theory is grounded in a well-balanced foundation. It addresses the theories of integration, Multitasking and Worldviews. The goal of a counselor is summarized into two parts; to lead my clients into an intimate relationship with God and guide the process of change. I believe the strong desire to help my clients begins within the heart of a counselor whose life inhabits the truth in the word of God, as a foundation for their personal theory of counseling. References Adams, J. E. (1986). How to Help People Change. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan. Anderson, N. T. (2000). The Bondage Breaker; Overcoming Negative Thoughts, Irrational Feelings, and Habitual Sins. Eugene, Oregon: Harvest House Publishers. Backus, Dr., W., & Chapian, M. (2000). Telling Yourself the Truth. Bloomington, Minnesota: Bethany House Publishers. Clinton, T., & Ohlschlager, G. (2002). Competent Christian Counseling: Foundations and practices of compassionate soul care. Colorado Springs, Colorado: Waterbrook Press. Cloud, Dr., H., & Townsend, Dr., J. (1999). Boundaries in Marriage. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan. Crabb, Dr., L. (1977). Effective Biblical Counseling; A Model for Helping Caring Christians Become Capable Counselors. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan. Entwistle, D. N. (2010). Integrative Approaches to Psychology and Christianity (2nd ed.). Eugene, Oregon: Cascade Books. Hart, Dr., A. D. (1999). The Anxiety Cure. Nashville, Tennessee: Thomas Nelson, Inc. Hawkins, R. (2009). Constructing a Theory of Counseling. McMinn, M. R. (2011). Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling. Carol Stream, Illinois: Tyndale House Publishing. Petrocelli, J. V. (2002). Processes & Stages of Change: Counseling with the Trans theoretical model of change [journal]. Journal of Counseling & Development, 23(4). Social, cognitive processes in behavioral health; Implications for Counseling. (1995). Counseling Psychologist, 2(4). Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu Wilson, S. D. (2001). Hurt People, Hurt People; Hope and Healing for Yourself and Your Relationships. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Discovery House Publishers.

Coffee Shop Essay

The purpose of this marketing plan is to outline the complete marketing strategy, tactics, and programs for Dot. L Coffee (hereafter, â€Å"Dot. L†). Dot. L is a specialist Coffee Company that focuses on specialty coffee of Latte, coffee based products and foods as well. Dot. L is a new coffee shop in the river side district. Dot. L will be known for over 6 flavors of latte, coffee and coffee based products. In addition, light snacks and sandwiches will be offered to accompany the cappuccino and coffee based products. The cafe establishment will play modern music for ambiance and provide free wireless internet access for patrons to attract professionals in the nearby business areas. The mission of Dot. L is in the vanity of the city, Dot. L can bring you the ease of a precious. Dot. L will be unlike other cafes in that it will introduce customers to the different flavors of coffee and foods in a leisure non pressure environment. Furthermore, in a competitive market like Starbuck, Dot. L hopes to set itself apart by reaching out to those diversity flavors of latte without the high prices. The target market consists of two market segments: †¢ People who are deeply in love latte and people who hope have a relaxing time †¢ Business people from the downtown business centers and professional buildings Situation analysis is explored. This includes an overall marketing environment analysis for the company as well as more specific situation analysis such as competitor and customers action for the marketing analysis. An evaluation is conducted followed by an action plan outlining how to achieve the marketing objectives, which includes: promotion, price discounts, a bi-monthly newsletter, advertising in television and search for new channel partnerships. Company overview and the Mission Statement Dot. L will be a distinctive coffee shop which have own characteristics and culture that will serve the river side residential district. The coffee shop offers flavored latte and other coffee products, light snacks, foods and free wi-fi service for customer surfing on-line. The Dot. L primary place of operation will be located on the river side with nice view of Brisbane River. The business persons in the office building will add to the number of patrons and the circumstance their also can attract consumer to choose that place. There are plans to open additional locations after 3 years of operation. Dot. L will operate from Monday to Sunday. Monday thru Thursday, five employees will be working from 10 a. m. to 10 p. m. Friday and Saturday will work the same; however, three employees closing will work until 12 a. m. The cost for each full time labors might be 16 dollars per hour and the cost for part-time labors might be 9 dollars. The name of this coffee shop is Dot. L which means L refers to latte. Therefore latte as company core coffee products and latte art can be discovered in Dot. L. [pic] As stated in the company’s mission statement: Dot. L aims to be the cafe have own style and culture in Australia. In the vanity of the city, Dot. L can bring you the ease of a precious. Table of Contents Executive Summary2 Company overview and the Mission Statement3 Introduction6 Product Description6 Environmental Scan7 Economic environment7 Legal, political and regulatory environment8 Social and cultural environment8 Technological environment9 Competitor9 Market research10 Customers12 Marketing objectives and Market tactics12 Marketing objectives12 Product12 Price13 Place13 Promotion14 Marketing Tactics15 Market forecasting16 Action plans17 Financials18 Control20 Conclusion21 Reference list:22 Appendix 124 Introduction This marketing plan examines the steps required to reposition Dot. L cafe in the Australian marketplace. Dot. L is a cafe brand will locate on river side in Brisbane. Dot. L offers a variety of coffee, specialty coffee of Latte, coffee based products and foods. In addition, in order to attract consumers latte art also be adopted into the coffee products. Basically the price for the regularly coffee the price will not over four dollars. The cafe will focus on the business people and normally customers. Dot. L in Australia employ approximately 30 labors includes chiefs, shop assistant, shop keeper, senior manager. The Dot. L brand name comes from its core products will offer in the cafe that aim to: 1. Attract consumers 2. Build brand 3. Trade profit achieve about 8-10% The marketing plan followed by analysis the situation in marketplace, competitors analysis for the Dot. L entry into the market. Furthermore, market research and customers analysis will provide to assist the Dot. L to locates the market accurately. It also considers the market forecasting and financials for the three-year period. Product Description The Dot. L will offer many items that would have perfect taste. From traditional coffee to the light snacks and foods, Dot. L will offer something traditional and original for all tastes. Daily latte specials will be offered, featuring a different blend and flavor each day. The cafe specialty will prefer to European style design. The six different lattes are includes: cafe au lait; ghetto latte or bootleg lattes; hot or iced latte versions of chai, matcha, and Royal milk tea; red latte; latte macchiato and Caffe latte. Latte and Coffee will be sold in three sizes, with prices ranging from $2. 00 to $5. 00. Flavors will be available at an additional charge of $0. 50. Espresso, cappuccino, mocha, and other specialty drinks will be available in two sizes and will cost $3. 75 and $6. 50. Environmental Scan. Economic environment Robust business, consumer confidence and high export price for raw materials have fuelled the economy for 16 years. Australia has a strong economy with per capita gross domestic product (GDP) of $ 38,000(CIA, 2009), and GDP was estimated to be growing at 3. 8% annually (CIA, 2009). However, in 2008 with the impact of the global economic crisis, manufacturing output and employment started to falter, and the Australian economy headed into a severe slowdown (Jackson, 2008). Even through, in 2010 the economy has begun to turn for the better, the consumers’ purchase tendency is not recover. As both cause and effect, consumers cut back on spending, specifically on food, clothing, furniture, entertainment, cars and mobile phones (Uren, 2008). The economic conditions in Australia present opportunities and risk for Dot. L. The decrease in consumer spending will force cafe industry to seek specialist assist to retain customers and maintain sales. In the other hand, this will increase the demand for specialist service like Dot. L which can provide business men have plcae to release pressure. However, the reality of a downturn may cause retailers to cut back on all spending including on retail consulting and training services. Additionally some retailers are likely to go out of business. Legal, political and regulatory environment Small business branding through labeling and packaging conclusively builds company and product recognition. Positioning the unique product through private label aimed at the target market results in an effective, low cost marketing strategy. It is the solution to getting customers into the store and back again and again. In American, the government publishes a legislative memo of a cyber-cafe restriction in 2006 (New York Civil Liberties Union, 2006). The China government also publishes the same restrictions. Because most of the cafe will provide the service of internet, so, they should pay attention to theses legislative issue (Rodnin, 2005). Social and cultural environment According to Australian Coffee Traders Association, Annual General Meeting 2006 that pointed out overall speaking, the Australian coffee market is very competitive but consumers are brand-loyal (ACTA, 2008). Australia is a country of different immigrants, especially proud of a traditional strong coffee culture started by European immigrants(AusFoodNews,2010). The strong coffee culture of Australia has influenced growth in coffee shops, especially among the younger generation. Coffee drinking has become an integral part of the modern lifestyle. In Australia, the specialist coffee shops have become more than just a place to drink coffee. Increasingly, coffee shops serve as places to meet for business and pleasure – a location for peace and quiet away from home and office. ACTA (2008) stated that more than one billion cups of coffee are consumed in cafes, restaurants and other outlets each year, this is an increase of 65% over the last 10 years. The Coffee consumption of Australian per capita has doubled over the last 30 years (ACTA, 2008). According to a new report by Euromonitor International – â€Å"Consumer Foodservice in Australia†. (2004) the number of transactions through coffee shops grew by 7% and value sales grew by almost 29%. Technological environment Technological advances in Australia have resulted in an increase usage of the internet. This has resulted in all industry expanding into a new channel: offering services, marketing and selling products over the internet. For Dot. L, the cafe can take this advantage which is using intern as the company’s channel to promote the marketing. Competitor The popularity of franchising as a business opportunity in Australia has also had a significant impact on the number of chain specialist coffee shops, such as Gloria Jean’s, The Coffee Club, Zarrafa’s Coffee which expanded mainly through franchising (Market Research World, n. d. ). Euromonitor International’s research shows that the Gloria Jean’s chain had the largest increase in outlets in 2004, thereby boosting its market share from 28% in 2003 to 37% in 2004. Gloria Jean’s has already opened over 900 shops around the world, and 407 stores are established in Australia-wide. Therefore, Gloria Jean’s can be regarded as the most powerful competitor. The Coffee Club has expanded its business to overseas, including Beijing, Bangkok, Dubai and Thailand. It has had more than 200 stores across the whole world. Compared with these two brands Gloria Jean’s and The Coffee Club, Zarrafa’s Coffee is a young brand. The brand comes from Gold Coast, and it only has 14 years history. Zarrafa’s Coffee has 41 stores across South East Queensland. Consequently, Zarrafa’s Coffee can be thought as the least powerful competitor for Dot. L. According to the report, sales of hot drink products in Australia surpassed A$1350m in the year 2008 and is expected to be worth A$1473m in 2013, with the coffee category accounting for the largest share followed by tea (Trading Room, 2010). It can be assumed that more people might enter the cafe industry. Market research In this section is to present the research about the marketing research for the Dot. L Coffee. Since this is a brand, the main goal of the Dot. L Coffee is to establish brand awareness among the target audience, which is business people, and 94 percent of them are aged 25 to 40. In this research, it chooses 10 male and 10 female to do the interview. Figure 1: The Frequency of the respondents to have coffee [pic] Figure 2: The Buying Habits of the Respondents [pic] According to the figure 1 and 2, of the business people that polled, 70 percent said they have coffee every day. And a full 58 percent said they prefer to enjoy coffee in the cafe. Others will enjoy coffee in their office or at home, here, 52 percent of them will buy the coffee products in the coffee shop, and 47 percent of them prefer buy it form the supermarket. Figure 3: The Acceptable Price per Coffee of the Respondents [pic] 45 percent of the respondents said that they would like Latte, and both of respondents who prefer Espresso and Mocha are divine 15 percent, 25 percent of respondents choose Cappuccino. Referring to the figure 3, 70 percent of them represent the acceptable price per cup of coffee is $3-8 dollars, and below $3 dollars and above $8 dollars will share the same percentage of 15 percent. Take a look at this chart, the best media mix, then, would be a combination of TV and magazine advertisements. Both of TV and magazine were divine 30 percent of the total population. And 20 percent of people prefer print advertisement. To conclude, even though our target audience is clearly defined, introducing a new product is always a gamble. But with the proper media mix we can certainly lessen the chance of failure. Customers The primary target market for the Dot. L Coffee will be the local business people. The cafe will be a sit-down coffee shop with wi-fi connectivity. The cafe will serve a variety of flavored latte, coffee products, beverages, sandwiches, and treats to local customers. The target market consists of two market segments, that is people who are deeply in love latte and people who hope have a relaxing time; and business people from the downtown business centers and professional buildings. Marketing objectives and Market tactics Marketing objectives The purpose of this marketing plan is to launch a cafe with delicate bakery, and professional coffees and which will bring simple cozy and friendly atmosphere. Based on the product features and marketing 4P principles, the three years’ specific marketing plan will be given as the following to ensure objectives and expectations are met. Product First off all, the key customers are those people who fond into Latte which means the product image is designed as professional Latte maker with friendly, easy communicate, happy relationship atmosphere. In order to match the product concept: simple and cozy so that the color of the cafe should be designed as clean, comfortable. And the coffee cup and tableware would be designed to match the interior decoration as mildness and simple. The main special coffee is Latte. Meanwhile, espresso, cappuccino, mocha, and other specialty drinks will be available too. The latte flavors will include vanilla, chocolate, and caramel. This can be designed as the first year menu and in the following three years the product will be developed according to the market trend. Price The Dot. L cafe will specially offer delicate bakery with other beverages such as soda and juice. Coffee will be sold in three sizes, with prices ranging from $2. 00 to $5. 00. All prices take into consideration the cost of material, 25% for food and 45% for beverages. Espresso, cappuccino, mocha, and other specialty drinks will be available in two sizes and will cost $3. 75 and $6. 50. All different deserts will be sold by the slice such as cheesecake, chocolate cake, muffin, sandwich and cupcake. Prices range from $2. 75 to $8. 00. The frequent customer can join the membership and participate the buy 10 get one free activity. Place The cafe name Dot. L is from the coffee Latte which is combined with espresso and steamed milk. Hence, the image of the cafe will deliver simple and warm message to customers. The location of Dot. L will be choosing at Brisbane river side. The space will be designed with a glass room and interior will be more concise and mediterrane an style. The common area will have white coffee tables surrounded by plush chairs and sofas and allow customers to set up laptop and spread out paperwork. The walls will be painted into warm color to enhance the relax and friendly atmosphere. Promotion Besides, in order to develop the market and receive good reputation from the very first. The Dot. L Cafe will be promoted in a variety of ways. The annual budget allotment for advertising is $19,904 for the first year of operation. These monies will be distributed as follows: 1. Southern Star – Southern Star will be printed monthly showing the nightly specials. They will be distributed throughout the area on cars, handed out at the library, delivered to the local office buildings, and posted on street signs and other obvious places. 2. Radio – The cafe will run many radio spots on local radio stations. The ads will feature the daily coffee specials and will air during the morning and afternoon drive times to capitalize on drive-by traffic. 3. Entertainment – The Dot. L Cafe will feature local entertainment every other weekend. The entertainers will provide music, poetry, art, and dancing. These events will be promoted through additional print and radio spots. Besides, Dot. L will engage in promoting premium varieties of coffee by educating their customers about the different coffees that are available. This strategy would lead to increased sophistication among customers. 4. Web Presence – The Dot. L Cafe will promote the business and specials over the Internet through a website. The website will be updated monthly to advertise specials and product offerings. The Radio and newspaper advertisement could be launch at the first half year to attract more customers. Entertainment and web presence should be developed as long term promotion plan in the next three years. The Dot. L Cafe will promote itself to its new customers by offering discount memberships for frequent consumers. There will be buy 10 get one free card available for coffee. The remaining advertising budget will be used to print membership and frequent consumer cards. Serve the highest quality food and beverage and meanwhile maintain low cost of goods and inventory is one of the key objectives. Thus Logistics and distribution would be a crucial part as well. The fresh meats, cheeses, and vegetables will be purchased through good reputation food source distributors. The researching and negotiating of the best prices with distributors would be put into the project process too. Marketing Tactics To achieve the above marketing objectives, this plan considers the tactic through the marketing mix which includes product, promotion and pricing. Colour appeal, packaging and style are included in product section. As the before shown, the target market of the cafe is business people who works in downtown and modern buildings. These potential customers can be regarded as white collars and the middle class. They hold well-paid, and are to pursuit quality lifestyles. Based on these, the basic colour tone will be set as dark colour tone, such as brown and black. The logo of the cafe is to stress a simple but elegant style. Because Dot. L cafe is a new brand for customers, so the promotion strategy must be heavy to entice the brand trial. The advised promotion approaches are print ad, billboard ad and in-store promotions. Setting a billboard ad on the way to the city and riverside is strongly advised. The cafe locates on the riverside; for this reason, putting ad on ferry is recommended. The pricing objective is to appeal the people who take coffee daily. A regular size cafe au lait which is the main product is priced as $4. 50. The cafe can give 5% discount to people who hold senior card. Furthermore, a point card can be given in the store when customers are making purchase. The card allows that customers can get 1 free coffee after they buy 9 coffees. Market forecasting There are more than 100 cafes in Brisbane, and 17 cafes exist in Southbank where a part of riverside is. According to one market research (Weston 2010), more and more Australian have already totally accepted the coffee culture; in addition, they are very to enjoy this culture. Therefore, a big growth on takeout coffee is brought by this social change. As a matter of fact, the flourishing demand of coffee drinking directs to the blast of many specific coffee shops. According to another research, Australians prefer to coffee with milk rather than other styles. Datamonitor’s Market Data Analytic (MDA) database indicates that retail coffee sales in Australia gained around A$752m. The Australia coffee market is in the second place around the Asian Economic in 2008. Another research predicts that the total amount around A$473m of profit can be reached in 2013. All in all, it can be concluded that there is a huge potential in the cafe market. Action plans According to the planed given above the relevant GANTT chart will guide this project go smoothly complete on time. Figure 4: The Dot. L Project Schedule |Dot. L | |? |? | |Start-up Assets to Fund |$26,000 | |Total Funding Required |$88,290 | | | | |Total Assets |$26,000 | | | | |Liabilities and Capital | | |Liabilities | | |Total Liabilities |$33,290 | | | | |Capital | | |Planned Investment |$55,000 | |Loss at Start-up (Start-up Expenses) |($62,290) | |Total Capital |($7,290) | | | | |Total Capital and Liabilities |$26,000 |. 2. Break-even Analysis Break-even data is presented in the chart and table below. [pic] Figure 6: Break-even Analysis |Monthly Units Break-even |7,294 | |Monthly Revenue Break-even |$18,462 | |Assumptions: | | |Average Per-Unit Revenue |$2. 53 | |Average Per-Unit Variable Cost |$0. 63 | |Estimated Monthly Fixed Cost |$13,847 | 3. Projected Profit and Loss In the first year, the Dot. L Coffee will have sales of about $533,764 of operation. In year two and three the Dot. L will have sales increases of about 10%, resulting in sales of $576,551 and $622,575, respectively. Operating expenses are $304,136 for year one, $327,694 year two, and $353,326 year three. The results for the first three years of operation are net income of $36,521 for the first year, $42,356 for the second year, and $47,819 for year three. Control Dot. L will continually evaluate the marketing environment, particularly the economic environment, due to the economic downturn, and the competitive environment. Further, in relation to the specific tactics undertaken by Dot. L for the 36 month period, each will be assigned a person who will be responsible for the success of the tactic, as well as a specific final review date. |Tactic |Responsibility |Review date | |Promotions to focus on augmented product and core product |Marketing Manager |May 2010 | |benefits | | | |Determine price discounts and rollout strategy to clients | | | |Create newsletter and implement process for it to be |Management Team |Aug 2010 | |distributed monthly | | | |More Direct-response advertising in television |Marketing Manager |Sep 2010 | |Implement selling short-term modification recommendations | | | |Search for distributors with which to form channel |Sales Director |Jun 2011 | |partnerships |. | | |Expand business to more location |Marketing Manager |Mar 2012 | | | | | | |Channel Manager |Nov 2012 | | | | | | |Sales Director |Jan 2013 | Conclusion This report sets out the marketing plan for Dot. L in Australia. It was decided that, Dot. L aims to be the cafe have own style and culture in Australia. In the vanity of the city, Dot. L can bring you the ease of a precious. The marketing strategy was explored, including each of the marketing mix areas, and tactics were recommended relating to direct-response an promotions, price discounts, and find channel partnerships. It is believed that there is opportunity for Dot. L to built own brand culture and expand in cafe industry’s marketplace. It is, therefore, this marketing plan can assist Dot. L growth in the marketplace. Reference list: Acta (2008). AUSTRALIAN COFFEE STATS. Retrieved May 16, 2010 from http://www. acta. org. au/article. php? a=2 Hofmann (2008). Specialist coffee shops in Australia see vigorous expansion. Retrieved May 17, 2010 from http://www. franchiseek. com/Market_Trends_Coffee_Shops_Australia_0706. htm Jellie (2006). Coffee by numbers. Retrieved May 17, 2010 from: http://www. smh. com. au/news/good-living/coffee-by-numbers/2006/07/17/115298845 5398. html New York Civil Liberties Union(2006), Legislative Memo: Cyber-cafe Restrictions Retrieved May 17, 2010 from: http://www. nyclu. org/content/legislative-memo-cyber-caf%C3%A9-restrictions-2006 Rodnin(2007), Motherboard makers may be affected by Internet cafe restrictions in China, Retrieved May 17, 2010 from http://www. vaosoft. com/forum/index. php? showtopic=441&pid=612&mode=threaded&show=&st=0 Shaun Weston (2010). Australian love coffee. Retrieved May 15, 2010, from http://www. foodbev. com/report/australians-love-coffee Trading Room (2008). Australia a nation of coffee drinkers. Retrieved May 17, 2010 from http://www. tradingroom. com. au/apps/view_article. ac? articleId=1196615 Wong (2010). Aussie cafe culture accounts for ‘biggest growth in coffee’. Retrieved May 17, 2010 from http://www. ausfoodnews. com. au/2010/03/04/aussie-cafe-culture-accounts-for-biggest-growth-in-coffee. html Appendix 1 The Questionnaire of the Coffee Market. This is a marketing research of the style, habits and opinions of coffee in your everyday life. Section 1: Basic Personal Information 1. What is your gender? A Male B Female 2. What is your age? A 18-25 B 26-30 C 30-40 D Above 40 3. What is your Occupation? A Students B Business men C Employee D Others 4. Are you married or single? A Married B Single 5. What is your family’s size? A 1-2 person B 3-5 person C 6-8 person D Above 8 person Section 2: 6. Where can you get the information about coffee? A Internet B Magazine/ newspaper C TV D Print Advertisement E Others 7. Where are you usually buy the coffee product? A Supermarket B Internet C Coffee shop D Others 8. How offen do you drink coffee? A Every day B 3-4 times per week C Once a week D Never 9. Where do you usually drink coffee? A Cafe B At home C At office D At campus E Others 10. What kind of coffee would you like? A Latte B Espresso C Cappuccino D Mocha E Other specialty drinks 11. How much of a cup of coffee is acceptable for you? A $2-3 /cup B $3-5/cup C $5-8/cup D $8-10/cup E Above $10/cup Thank you for your participation!!!